India is one of the most populated countries in the world, second after China. With a workforce of more than 440 million, a huge pool of English-speaking graduates and a fast-growing economy, the need for employment opportunities has increased drastically. The Government is doing its best to bring about a better matching between the demand and the supply of work opportunities. The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) and the Staff Selection Commission (SSC) conduct competitive exams for recruitment to various services and posts. The Government has also set up a number of Employment Exchanges all over the country to facilitate recruitment of suitable candidates into its various sectors. This section also provides an overview of career opportunities in avenues like the Armed Forces.
Employment Related Information
- Union Public Service Commission
- Staff Selection Commission
- Employment Exchanges
- Public Sector Undertakings
- Armed Forces
Union Public Service Commission
The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) was established under Article 315 of the Constitution of India. The commission conducts competitive examinations for recruitment to various services and posts, such as Civil Services, Engineering, Medical and Forest Service, etc.
Recruitment is done through three methods-
- Direct Recruitment
- Promotion
- Transfer
In the Direct Recruitment method, recruitment takes place in the following ways:
Competitive Examination:
Under the Constitution, one of the functions of the Commission is to conduct examinations for appointment to civil services and posts. In addition, the Commission also holds competitive examinations in coordination with the Ministry of Defence for entry into certain Defence Services, through the National Defence Academy, Indian Military Academy, Naval Academy, Air Force Academy and the Officers Training Academy.
The Commission usually conducts over a dozen examinations every year on an all India basis for recruitment to services/posts in various fields, such as Civil Services, Engineering, Medical and Forest Service, etc.
Recruitment by Selection:
- By Interview only - When the number of applicants is very large, the Commission calls short listed candidates for interview on the basis of certain pre-determined criteria related to the job.
- By Written Test Followed by Interview - In this category, there are two types of procedures followed:
- An objective-type written and/or practical test to test the skill of the candidates followed by Interview, the final selection being decided by Interview, aided by the performance of the candidates in the written test and/or practical test.
- An objective-type written and/or practical test is conducted to screen the candidates to be called for an interview, the final selection being decided by Interview only.
Staff Selection Commission:
The Subordinate Services Commission was set up for conducting examinations for recruitment to lower categories of posts in the government sector. It was renamed as Staff Selection Commission in 1977. Its function is to make recruitments to non-technical group 'C' and group 'B' non-gazetted posts in Ministries/ Departments, the attached and subordinate offices of the Government of India, and the C.A.G and the offices of the Accountant General. The Commission is responsible for formulating policies, including schemes of Examination and other procedures for smooth conduct of examinations / selection tests.
Employment Exchanges
National Employment Service or Employment Exchange, operated by the Directorate General of Employment and Training, Ministry of Labour, runs over 900 Employment Exchanges in order to bring about a better matching of the demand for, and the supply of work opportunities. Job seekers register themselves with these Employment Exchanges and get notified as soon as any vacancy in the Government sector matches their desired profile.
According to the Employment Exchanges (Compulsory Notification of Vacancies) Act, 1959 in any State or area thereof, the employer in every establishment in public sector in that State or area shall, before filling up any vacancy in any employment in that establishment, notify that vacancy to such employment exchanges as may be prescribed.
Employment Exchanges play a significant role in assisting the youth in finding employment in paid jobs. They also assist them in starting Self-Employment Ventures through Vocational Guidance activities. Registering the applications of job-seekers and notifying them about vacancies, collection and dissemination of Employment Market Information, Vocational Guidance to students and the youth are the major functions of Employment Exchanges.
Here's the list of the web pages of Employment Exchanges running in the following states in the country*:
- Chandigarh (UT)
- Gujarat
- Haryana
- Himachal Pradesh
- Jammu and Kashmir
- Karnataka
- Kerala
- Maharashtra
- Manipur
- Punjab
- Tamil Nadu
* List currently provides links to available online information about the Employment Exchanges in various states.
Public Sector Undertaking
A lot of Public Sector Undertakings (PSU) under the aegis of Government of India regularly provide for employment opportunities in various areas. Job seekers can apply to these undertakings, according to their required job profile and area of interest.
Armed Forces
The Armed Forces epitomize the ideals of service, sacrifice, patriotism and our country's composite culture. The recruitment to the Armed Forces is voluntary and every citizen of India, irrespective of his caste, class, religion and community is eligible for recruitment into the Armed Forces, provided he meets the physical, medical and educational criteria laid down for this purpose. Recruitment into the Army is carried out according to the Recruitable Male Population (RMP) of each state.
Recruitment of Commissioned Officers in the Armed Forces is mainly done through the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC). UPSC holds an all-India competitive examination, known as the Combined Defence Services Examination (CDSE), twice a year. After appearing for the examination the successful candidates join the respective training academies, viz., the Indian Military Academy (IMA) for the Army, the Naval Academy for the Navy, and the Air Force Academy for the Air Force.
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